Furace wall



Feb. 24, 1942.

A. P. ysHoR-r FURNACE WALL FildFeb. s, 1940 2 sheets-sheet 1 Feb.24, 1942. A, P, SHORT l2,273,898

' FURNACE WALL Filed Feb. '3, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATT RNEY Patented Feb. 9:4, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE FUnNAoE WALL Albert P. Short, Upper Darby, Pa. Application February s, 1940, serial No. 317,115

(c1. za-1oz) `14 Claims.

heat producing action, or chemical reaction occurs, or is caused'to take place.

kThe rebrick comprising the refractory linings 4of marine boiler furnaces in use about twenty years ago, was secured to the steel furnace casing by steel or iron anchorbolts approximately 3" in length, with no intermediate layer of insulation between the rear face of the brick and the steel casing,- or, at best a very thin or narrow one. However, present marine and naval boiler furnace walls are constructed of a 41/2" 1ayer of rebrick, a 21/2 layer of insulating material capable of resisting high temperatures, and a 1" layer of low temperature insulation, all held together and to the furnace casing by anchor bolts about 7" long. This arrangement causes the anchor bolts to be subjected to much higher temperatures than in prior years, because. of the heat dammng effect of the insulation layers which have become essential at the high heat releases and furnace temperatures presently employed. The high temperatures to which the anchor bolts are subjected have re-'- quired the use of expensive alloys such as mansenese-nickel and the like for these bolts. These high priced heat resistant bolts however, are sub- Jected to heavy shearing stresses by the movement of the furnace lining with changing temperature, and to excessive strain through movements of the boilercasings, and in marine installations to the roll and pitch of the ship. In consequence, anchor bolt replacements have become an item warranting serious attention. In spite of the high quality of the anchor bolt material, losses have become excessive, primarily because of the lengths of the anchor bolts employed, and secondarily because of the high temperatures to which they are subjected. `Mani festly, a short anchor bolt can withstand more service and will cost less than a longer one, even when both are subjected to the same temperature; but a shorter bolt, if utilizable, would be subjected to a lower temperature since it could be located farther from the hot face of the refractory.

vantages of prior practice and provides a furnace lining block *comprisingr a relatively thin layer, about 2" in' thickness, and of square,

. same substance as the nre face of the lining block, but it may be separately manufactured and bonded to the rear face of the block. The outer end of the projection is provided with a recess, keyway or other device, by which a very short hooked end or flat-headed anchor bolt can thereon. The invention also contemplates the use of such layers of thin insulating brick, high intermediate temperature insulation, or both, and low temperature insulation, as may be required between the rear face of the high temperature refractory layer at the fire face of the furnace wall and the end of the refractory projection, each of these thin blocks or laminations being furnished with a hole at the center, edge, or other position, to permit each lamination to be passed over or around the projection by which the Whole block is held to the casing by the short anchor bolt. Through careful selection of the layers of heat resistant materials the thickness and weight of refractory furnace linings may be appreciably decreased.

This is of particular value in naval boiler furnace construction, The layers of heat resistant and insulating materials utilized, may be securely bonded to each other and to the refractory facing and its projection by the use of fire clay, or preferably, special high temperature, high bonding strength cement, the assembly.forming a single furnace lining block. The

Abonding of the block may be accomplished at the plant where it is manufactured, or the various layers may be dipped'dn suitable cement individually` and the block assembled in the boiler furnace immediately prior to laying up the furnace wall. In the latter instance, the necessary bonding is accomplished inthe presence of heat from the furnace, which should be 'part thereof and in which:

Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a portion of a furnace wall embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale, taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the furnace lining block shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3;

Figs. 5, 6 and 'l are perspective views, on an enlarged scale, of the insulating layers of the block shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 respectively;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2, but showing another form of anchor bolt, and

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9-9 of Fig. 8.

Like characters of reference refer to the same or to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, reference character I designates the metal casing of a boiler furnace having a lining embodying the invention. As shown, the lining comprises a plurality of blocks of substantially cubical configuration, each of which consists of a plurality of relatively thin laminations constructed and assembled in accordance with the invention. In the form of the invention illustrated, each block has four laminations, but theinvention contemplates the use of two or more laminations and is not restricted to any particular number thereof. The fire face refractory lamination II is approximately square and has a projection I2 integral there-4A I5 are of the same size as the lamination II but are of different thicknesses, and each is provided With a central opening I6 which is slightly larger than the projection I2. The axial length of the projection I2 is approximately equal to the total thickness of the insulating laminations I3, I4 and I5.. The laminations are securely bonded together and the insulating laminations are bonded to the projection I2 as previously mentioned.

With this block arrangement, short anchor bolts maybe utilized to hold the blocks to the furnace casing. The rear end portion of the projection I2 is formed to receive the inner end of the anchor bolt. With the form of anchor bolt 21 shown in Figs. 1 to 3, having a square head I1 and a laterally extending end portion I8-,

the projection has an L-shaped slot I9 opening intothe lower and rear faces of the projection, the dimensions of which are large enough to receive freely the head II of the bolt, and a connecting slot 2I'I which is wide enough to receive freely the shank of the bolt. With this arrangement, when the bolt is positioned in the slot as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the bolt head will engage the walls of the slot and will retain the block in position. Since the only way the block can be removed from the anchor bolt is by raising the lblock the considerable distance necessary to cause it to clear the head or inner extension thereof, it will be perceived there is little likelihood that the blocks will become loose in service. End portion I8 of the bolt is received in a clip 2| which is welded to the casing I0. Inasmuch as the bolt is required to extend only from the casing I0 to the rear portion of the projection I2, a very short bolt will sufIice.

With the form of anchor bolt 22 shown in Figs. 8 and 9, having a laterally extending portion 23 at one end and a portion 24 extending laterally in the opposite direction at the other end, the rear end portion of the projection I2 is formed to provide an L-shaped slot 25 the dimensions of which are suicient to receive one end portion of the bolt 22. Any other suitable form of an choring means may be used.

As an example of the materials which are suitable for the several laminations of the form of block shown, the fire face lamination II may be made of the highly refractory material heretofore mentioned, lamination I3 may be made of a refractory or insulating material, or both, such as Armstrong EF 26, lamination I4 may be of insulating material of high heat damming quality such as Armstrong C 22, and lamination I5 may be made of insulating material such as Sil-O-Cel. Other minerals, ores or compounds may be substituted for the materials mentioned to meet the requirements for individual installations.

As an example of the dimensions of the several parts, or the laminations, of the block illustrated, the fire face lamination II may be 9" by 9" by 2 thick, with the 'projection 3 by 3" by 5" long. Each of ,the laminations I3, I4 and I5 will be 9 by 9" with lamination I3 being 11/2" thick, lamination I4 being 21/2" thick, and lamination I5 being l" thick. With these proportions, the

' overall dimensions of the block will be- 9" by 9" by 7". ff"

Inasmuch as changes may 'be made in the form, location and relative arrangement of the several parts of the block disclosed and in the anchoring means as well as in the material of the several laminations of the block without departing from the principles of the invention. it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited excepting by the scope of the appended claims.

, What is claimed is:

1. A furnace lining block comprising a plurality of laminations one of which has a portion which extends through at least one other lamination.

2. A furnace lining block comprising a plurality of laminations, the fire face lamination having a projection which extends through at least one other lamination.

3. A furnace lining block comprising a plurality of laminations, the fire face lamination having a projection which extends through the other laminations, the outer end portion of the projection being formed to receive block anchoring means.

4. A furnace lining block part comprising a fire face lamination and a projection extending from the face of the lamination which is opposite the fire face, and means associated with the outer end portion of the projection arranged to receive block anchoring means.

5. A furnace lining block comprising a fire face section having a projection extending from the face of the section which is opposite the re face. and at least one other section having an aperture through which the projection extends.

6. A furnace lining block comprising a fire face section having a projection' extending from the face of the section which aperture through and at least one other section having an yaperture through which the projection extends, the

outer end portion of the projection being formed to receive bloclsanchoring means.

'1. A furnace lining block comprising a section having a projection extending from the is opposite the fire face, and at least one other section having an aperture through which the projection extends, the several sections being bonded together.

8.A A furnace lining block comprising a iire` face section having a projection of substantially the same material as the section and extending from the face of the section which is opposite the nre face, and at least one other section having an which the projection extends.

9. A furnace wall including a casing, a lining therefor comprising a plurality of blocks each having a -fire face section provided with a projection of substantially the same material as the section, and at least one other section having an aperture through which the projection extends, and block anchoring means extending between the outer end portion of the projection and the casing.

10. A furnace wall including a casing, and a lining therefor comprising a plurality of blocks each having a fire face section provided with a projection of substantially the same material as the section, and at least one other section having.l

anfaperture through whichl the projection extends, the outer end portion of each projection having a recess formed to receive an end of an anchor bolt, the other end ot which is secured to the casing.

11. A furnace lining block comprising afire face section having a projection extending substantially normally from vthe face of the section which is opposite the ilre`face, and at least one other section having a periphery of substantially the same shape and size as the fire face section re face and having an aperturethrough which said projection extends, projection being ing means.

. 12.` A furnace lining block comprising a nre' face section having a projection extending substantially normally from the face of the section which is opposite the fire face, and a plurality of other sections each having a periphery of substantially the same shape and size as the lire face section and having an aperture through which said projection extends, the sum of the thicknesses of the other sections being equal subformed to receive block anchorstantially to the length of the projection, the

outer end portion of the projection being formed to receive block anchoring means.

13. A furnace lining block` comprising a fire face section of refractory material having a projection of essentially the same material-extending substantially normally fromthe face of the section which is opposite the re face, and at least one other section of heat insulating material having a periphery of substantially the same shape and size as the'fire face section and having an aperture through which said projection extends, the outer-fend portionof the projection being formed to receive block anchoring means.

14. A furnace lining block comprising a fire face section of substantially rectangular `coniiguration having a projection of substantially rectangular transverse cross-sectional configuration and smaller than said section extending from the face of the section which is opposite the fire face, and at leastv one other section having a v periphery of substantially the same shape and size as the iire face section and having a substantially rectangular aperture slightly larger than the projection through which the projection extends, the outer end portion of the projection being formed to receive block anchoring means.

ALBERT P. SHORT.

the outerend Vportion of the 

